Overview of NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)
Nov 16,2024
Overview of NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) is a naturally
occurring molecule that plays a pivotal role in energy metabolism. It serves as
a precursor to NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), a coenzyme essential
for various cellular processes, including energy production, DNA repair, and
cell survival. As NAD+ levels decline with age, NMN supplementation has gained
attention for its potential to replenish NAD+ levels, thereby supporting
mitochondrial function, enhancing metabolism, and promoting longevity.
Summary of Research on the Effects of NMN
Anti-Aging and Longevity
Numerous studies have explored NMN's potential in promoting longevity and combating age-related decline. Research has demonstrated that NMN can boost NAD+ levels, a critical coenzyme involved in energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cell survival. Increased NAD+ levels have been linked to improved mitochondrial function and enhanced cellular repair mechanisms, potentially slowing the aging process.
1）Shade C. The Science Behind NMN-A Stable, Reliable NAD+Activator and Anti-Aging Molecule. Integr Med (Encinitas). 2020 Feb;19(1):12-14. PMID: 32549859; PMCID: PMC7238909.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7238909/
2）Yi L, Maier AB, Tao R, Lin Z, Vaidya A, Pendse S, Thasma S, Andhalkar N, Avhad G, Kumbhar V. The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial. Geroscience. 2023 Feb;45(1):29-43. doi: 10.1007/s11357-022-00705-1. Epub 2022 Dec 8. PMID: 36482258; PMCID: PMC9735188.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9735188/
Metabolic Health
Several papers have highlighted NMN's role in
improving metabolic health, particularly in the context of obesity and insulin
resistance.
NMN supplementation has been shown to enhance glucose
tolerance, increase insulin sensitivity, and promote weight loss in animal
models.
These effects are largely attributed to NMN's ability to activate sirtuins and enhance mitochondrial function, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for metabolic disorders.
3）Alegre GFS, Pastore GM. NAD+ Precursors Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR): Potential Dietary Contribution to Health. Curr Nutr Rep. 2023 Sep;12(3):445-464. doi: 10.1007/s13668-023-00475-y. Epub 2023 Jun 5. PMID: 37273100; PMCID: PMC10240123.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10240123/
4）Popescu RG, Dinischiotu A, Soare T, Vlase E, Marinescu GC. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Works in Type 2 Diabetes through Unexpected Effects in Adipose Tissue, Not by Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Feb 23;25(5):2594. doi: 10.3390/ijms25052594. PMID: 38473844; PMCID: PMC10932336.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10932336/
Cardiovascular Health
Research indicates that NMN may have protective effects on the cardiovascular system. Studies suggest that NMN can improve vascular function, reduce arterial stiffness, and enhance blood flow. By increasing NAD+ levels, NMN helps support endothelial cell function and may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.
5）Liu Y, Huang Y, Xu C, An P, Luo Y, Jiao L, Luo J, Li Y. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Therapeutic Perspectives in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Dec 16;23(24):16053. doi: 10.3390/ijms232416053. PMID: 36555691; PMCID: PMC9788331.
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/24/16053
6）Deng H, Ding D, Ma Y, Zhang H, Wang N, Zhang C, Yang G. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: Research Process in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Sep 2;25(17):9526. doi: 10.3390/ijms25179526. PMID: 39273473; PMCID: PMC11394709.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11394709/
Neuroprotection
An increasing body of evidence supports the neuroprotective properties of NMN. Studies have shown that NMN can cross the blood-brain barrier and increase NAD+ levels in the brain, supporting neuronal health. Research in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, has shown that NMN can mitigate neuronal damage, improve cognitive function, and reduce neuroinflammation.
7）Yao Z, Yang W, Gao Z, Jia P. Nicotinamide mononucleotide inhibits JNK activation to reverse Alzheimer disease. Neurosci Lett. 2017 Apr 24;647:133-140. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.03.027. Epub 2017 Mar 19. PMID: 28330719.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030439401730246X?via%3Dihub
8）Hou Y, Lautrup S, Cordonnier S, Wang Y, Croteau DL, Zavala E, Zhang Y, Moritoh K, O'Connell JF, Baptiste BA, Stevnsner TV, Mattson MP, Bohr VA. NAD+ supplementation normalizes key Alzheimer's features and DNA damage responses in a new AD mouse model with introduced DNA repair deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Feb 20;115(8):E1876-E1885. doi: 10.1073/pnas. Epub 2018 Feb 5. PMID: 29432159; PMCID: PMC5828618.
Helps improve sleep quality and physical
performance
Research has suggested that Intake of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) may improve sleep quality, enhance physical performance, and reduce fatigue in elderly populations.
9）Kim M, Seol J, Sato T, Fukamizu Y, Sakurai T, Okura T. Effect of 12-Week Intake of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Sleep Quality, Fatigue, and Physical Performance in Older Japanese Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients. 2022 Feb 11;14(4):755. doi: 10.3390/nu14040755. PMID: 35215405; PMCID: PMC8877443.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35215405/
10）Morifuji M, Higashi S, Ebihara S, Nagata M. Ingestion of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide increased blood NAD levels, maintained walking speed, and improved sleep quality in older adults in a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled study. Geroscience. 2024 Oct;46(5):4671-4688. doi: 10.1007/s11357-024-01204-1. Epub 2024 May 24. PMID: 38789831; PMCID: PMC11336149.
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